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Ao dormir você já tentou e não conseguiu se mexer? Teve dificuldade pra respirar? Cuidado pois você deve estar… Ver mais

Foto de Blog noticias Blog noticias Mande um e-mail setembro 5, 2023

Acordar, mas não conseguir se mexer. A sensação de estar sendo observado, sufocado, mas não identificar pelo quê. Ter medo, mas não conseguir gritar. Se você já passou por alguma dessas experiências ao acordar, você já viveu um episódio de paralisia do sono. E, apesar de todas as atribuições sobrenaturais dadas a esse fenômeno, a ciência tem a resposta para a paralisia. 

Mas, primeiro, é preciso entender como o nosso cérebro funciona durante o sono. Em resumo, o período do sono é dividido em quatro fases, que se iniciam com o sono mais leve, como um cochilo, e vão evoluindo até a fase 4, de sono mais profundo. 

“Elas começam quando nosso corpo vai ficando cada vez mais relaxado, então você sai daquele cochilinho leve e vai ficando cada vez mais mole, o batimento cardíaco mais lento e a respiração mais profunda até a fase 3 do sono. Depois vem a fase REM [“movimento rápido dos olhos”, em inglês], que é quando não só os olhos se movem, mas o cérebro parece estar acordado, com muitos pensamentos e sonhos, mas, ao mesmo tempo, todos os músculos estão relaxados”, explica o dr. Maurício Hoshino, neurologista do Hospital Santa Catarina.

Todo esse ciclo se repete, em média, quatro vezes por noite. E a fase REM é fundamental para manter as funções cognitivas, como a memória e a capacidade de aprender.

A paralisia ocorre quando há um descompasso entre o mecanismo cerebral e o mecanismo de ativação dos músculos. Como se o interruptor fosse apertado, mas a luz não acendesse. Acontece somente no início do sono ou nos primeiros minutos ao acordar, quando a pessoa está em alerta, mas os músculos não respondem. Até relatos de alucinações fora relatadas por pessoas que passaram pela experiência ao dormir

Existem fatores de risco?

Estudos mostram que de 8% a 20% das pessoas saudáveis vão ter um episódio de paralisia em algum momento. Mas se sabe também que algumas pessoas têm maior propensão ao distúrbio da paralisia do sono em si, como aqueles com algum transtorno

Além disso, por interferir na instalação do sono REM, o uso de álcool, antidepressivos e psicofármacos estimulantes pode estar relacionado à paralisia do sono.

E embora ainda faltem evidências científicas mais robustas, dormir de barriga para cima também parece facilitar a ocorrência da paralisia.

Sintomas

As crises costumam ter curta duração, apenas alguns minutos. Ainda assim, os sintomas podem ser extremamente angustiantes. 

“O paciente perde a capacidade de se movimentar, de articular sons e até pode ter sensação de sufoco por má ventilação da caixa torácica. Eventualmente, podem estar presentes alucinações e sensação etérea, ou seja, de que ‘a alma está saindo do corpo’”, destaca o doutor. Ao finalmente acordar, é comum sentir-se agitado. “Isso se dá pela combinação entre a angústia, que provoca uma descarga de adrenalina, e uma eventual dificuldade ventilatória pulmonar.”

Pesadelos reais

Por que a temática das alucinações é, em sua maioria, negativa ou relacionada a eventos traumáticos?

A culpa parece ser do próprio cérebro. Isso porque as alucinações se dão no contexto dos sonhos da fase REM, como mencionamos no início. Com essa confusão de realidade, é fácil associar a experiência a fatores “sobrenaturais”. 

“É muito fácil nos remetermos a situações descritas de histórias de terror ou até de cunho religioso envolvendo paralisia, incapacidade de se comunicar em plena consciência.”

O que fazer durante um episódio de paralisia?

Parte do desespero da paralisia se deve ao fato de não conseguir realizar as ações naturais diante da ameaça visualizada. “Deve-se procurar focar no ambiente que o cerca, talvez até focar em conseguir se comunicar com alguma eventual pessoa que esteja junto no quarto, e procurar controlar as emoções, sempre sabendo que o evento é transitório”, orienta o dr. Hoshino.

Quando a paralisia se torna um problema?

Quando passa a ser frequente, por exemplo, mais que duas vezes por semestre, ou quando acarreta distúrbios emocionais, como temor na hora de dormir. “O tratamento padrão é a orientação para medidas de higienização do sono, do tipo dormir sempre na hora rotineira, evitar uso de eletrônicos, evitar uso de estimulantes perto da hora de deitar (bebidas alcoólicas, café, chá) e ambiente tranquilo no quarto.”

Em alguns casos, também pode ser recomendado algum medicamento. 

Foto de Blog noticias Blog noticias Mande um e-mail setembro 5, 2023

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